The potential of integrating oil palm and livestock production has not been seriously considered by major palm oil stakeholders in Indonesia. An important concern is that grazing cattle in oil palm fields may lead to soil compaction and the spread of oil palm diseases (Ganoderma boninense). In general, a significant gap exists in scientific evidence regarding the potential positive and adverse impacts of oil palm-cattle integration. The primary objective of this study is to explore benefits and challenges of oil palm-cattle integration for sustainable beef production in Indonesia. Parts of this PhD project will be conducted at the oil palm plantation company PT Simbiosis Karya Agroindustri (SISKA) under PT Buana Karya Bhakti located in Satui, South Kalimantan. This study will employ both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach will focus on assessing regional cattle production based on feed resources including oil palm residues, soil compaction and soil quality, Ganoderma observation, and yield gap analysis for cattle. The qualitative approach will involve a stakeholder perception interview. Data collection methods will include soil, manure and pathogen sampling, surveys, interviews, and on-site observations. Data analysis techniques will utilize statistics as well as simulations.