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Environmental Impact Assessment of Bio-based Feedstocks as Fossil-based Bitumen Alternative for the Road Construction Industry in the Netherlands
Authors: Gerald Daniel

This study serves as a preliminary environmental impact assessment of 10 plant-based feedstocks to substitute fossil-based bitumen used in road construction in the Netherlands, using life cycle assessment based on the EN 15804 +A2 norm, where the outcome is monetised using the environmental cost indicator (ECI) score governing in the Netherlands. Inventories of the products are obtained from the combination of the Agri Footprint 5 database and existing research papers. The outcome shows the importance of the accurate biogenic carbon storage accounting, which primarily depends on the lifetime of the product. Moreover, this study can be improved by equipping it with primary data to enhance the accuracy and develop a better comparison between all the feedstocks.